Background: The new human coronavirus that leads to COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world and has a high degree of lethality. In more severe cases, patients remain hospitalized for several days under treatment of the health team. Thus, it is important to develop and use technologies with the aim to strengthen conventional therapy by encouraging movement, physical activity, and improving cardiorespiratory fitness for patients. In this sense, therapies for exposure to virtual reality are promising and have been shown to (...) be an adequate and equivalent alternative to conventional exercise programs.Aim: This is a study protocol with the aim of comparing the conventional physical therapy intervention with the use of a non-immersive VR software during COVID-19 hospitalization.Methods: Fifty patients hospitalized with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 will be divided in two groups under physiotherapy treatment using conventional or VR intervention: Group A: participants with COVID-19 will start the first day of the protocol with VR tasks in the morning and then in the second period, in the afternoon, will perform the conventional exercises and Group B: participants with COVID-19 will start the first day with conventional exercises in the morning and in the second period, in the afternoon, will perform activity with VR. All participants will be evaluated with different motor and physiologic scales before and after the treatment to measure improvements.Conclusion: Considering the importance of benefits from physical activity during hospitalization, VR software shows promise as a potential mechanism for improving physical activity. The results of this study may provide new insights into hospital rehabilitation.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04537858. Registered on 01 September 2020. (shrink)

IntroductionThere is a need to maintain rehabilitation activities and motivate movement and physical activity during quarantine in individuals with Cerebral Palsy.ObjectiveThis paper sets out to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of using computer serious game in a non-immersive virtual reality implemented and evaluated completely remotely in participants with CP for Home-Based Telerehabilitation during the quarantine period for COVID-19.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, a total of 44 individuals participated in this study between March and June 2020, 22 of which had CP (...) and 22 typically developing individuals, matched by age and sex to the individuals with CP. Participants practiced a coincident timing game1 and we measured movement performance and physical activity intensity using the rating of perceived exertion Borg scale.ResultsAll participants were able to engage with the VR therapy remotely, reported enjoying sessions, and improved performance in some practice moments. The most important result in this cross-sectional study was the significant increasing in rating of perceived exertion in both groups during practice and with CP presenting a higher rating of perceived exertion.ConclusionChildren with CP enjoyed participating, were able to perform at the same level as their peers on certain activities and increased both their performance and physical activity intensity when using the game, supporting the use of serious games for this group for home therapy and interactive games.Clinical Trials Registrationhttps://Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04402034. Registered on May 20, 2020. (shrink)

De Alberto a Lutero: estudos sobre a filosofia prática na Idade Média.

In this essay, we discuss the relationship between education, human education and ethics in the context of orthodox neoliberalism, as well as some challenges presented to educational policy in Brazil. It is characterized as an exploratory study of a theoretical nature and is part of a set of three research projects at the doctoral level, carried out at a university in southern Brazil from 2017 to 2020. By contextualizing the current moment of neoliberalism in the country and presenting some foundations (...) of a human and ethical formation, we point to the current challenges present for the consolidation of an educational policy whose horizon is full human formation. The studies show that educational policy from the perspective of human formation today needs to guarantee conditions that articulate, within the school, access to scientific knowledge, creativity and self-organization of the subjects of the pedagogical process in its entirety. Keywords: Education. Human formation. Ethics. Neoliberalism. Education policy. (shrink)

Partiendo de la pregunta clásica por el origen del mal y sus determinaciones, se trataría aquí de analizar las representaciones del mal en la obra de aquellos escritores (Littell, Amis, Sebald) que, en nuestros días, mucho después de Adorno, recurren a la categoría filosófica del mal y a cierta estética del horror como motivos genuinos del impulso literario.

Partiendo de la pregunta clásica por el origen del mal y sus determinaciones, se trataría aquí de analizar las representaciones del mal en la obra de aquellos escritores (Littell, Amis, Sebald) que, en nuestros días, mucho después de Adorno, recurren a la categoría filosófica del mal y a cierta estética del horror como motivos genuinos del impulso literario.

La Lógica y la Filosofía de la ciencia constituyen disciplinas centrales en la filosofía de nuestro siglo. Y, aunque insuficientemente divulgadas entre el gran público en nuestro país, su peso específico en los ambientes académicos e investigadores va aumentando de día en día. Este volumen de homenaje a R. Carnap y H. Reichenbach, figuras centrales en la conformación de la filosofía de la ciencia, recoge las principales intervenciones de investigadores españoles y extranjeros en un encuentro que, en su honor, se (...) celebró a finales del año 1991. Incluye asimismo muestras significativas de investigaciones que se están realizando en España en la actualidad en los campos de la lógica clásica y multivariada. La teoría de la argumentación, la teoría de la probabilidad, la filosofía de la ciencia en general y en particular, la filosofía de la economía. Finalmente, debido al fallecimiento en aquel año de una de las personalidades más importantes de la filosofía española, J. Ferrater Mora, se incluye un pequeño homenaje que recuerda tanto el talante del filósofo como su obra. (shrink)

Resumen Dada la renovada vigencia que la antigua pregunta socrática: ¿cómo se debería vivir? goza en nuestros días -en particular, en el ámbito anglosajón y alemán-, no extraña que los diferentes enfoques vengan acompañados a menudo por con sideraciones de índole metodológica. ¿Cómo abordar hoy la proverbial pregunta? ¿Con qué criterios de corrección debería cumplir una teoría de la vida buena? ¿Es siquiera posible una tal teoría? El propósito de la presente reflexión es contribuir al esclarecimiento de estas cuestiones mediante (...) lo que propongo llamar una apro ximación indirecta a la cuestión de la vida buena. En el texto se describen y justifican los rasgos centrales de dicha aproximación, la que se distancia del debate actual entre teorías de la vida buena, al no asumir una serie de pretensiones metodológicas características de dicho debate.Given the renewed interest that the old Socratic question “How should we live?” has taken in the present day -in particular, in the Anglo-Saxon and in the Germán world- it is not surprising that the different approaches are often accompanied by methodological considerations. How to deal with the old question today? What correction criteria should a theory of the good life meet? Is such a theory even possible? The aim of this essay is to contribute to the clarification of these issues through what I propose to call “an indirect approach” to the question of the good life. The paper describes and justifies the central features of this approach, which distances itself from the current debate between good life theories, by not assuming a series of methodological claims characteristic of this debate. (shrink)

En la composición de éste trabajo, se abordan los temas concernientes a la educación media superior, sus problemas de carácter tanto internos como externos, la estrecha conexión que tiene con la sociedad así como el problema de la relación sociedad - educación.A lo largo de la historia de la educación media superior en México, específicamente en el siglo XV, con la fundación del colegio de Santa Cruz en 1537 y hasta nuestros días, se han dado demasiados cambios en la forma (...) de transmitir los conocimientos. Estos cambios implican estrictamente las épocas por las que ha pasado el hombre de manera personal y social. Se tiene tradicionalmente a la educación como una forma de transmitir conocimientos a partir de un sistema educativo. Este sistema educativo involucra a muchos elementos importantes como lo son las instituciones escolares, los docentes, los alumnos, pero lo más importante son los contenidos establecidos y escritos dispuestos a ser impartidos.Los ‘contenidos’ se imparten por medio de una institución escolar de una manera establecida, es decir, se presenta una metodología conocida como programa de estudios. Es allí donde se encuentran los objetivos generales y particulares de un curso, así como los temas por analizar y reflexionar. Los programas de estudio destinados a ser impartidos por un profesor hacia los alumnos, se encuentran autorizados por un currículum formal, es decir, por un plan de estudios, el cual debe tener lineamientos, componentes académicos y componentes administrativos que son propuestos mediante una planificación constante y obligatoria. Por este motivo, el currículum formal transmite los conocimientos de manera explícita e intencional, con el fin de desarrollar al hombre. Pero existe un problema, pues sólo se habla de lo establecido por ciertas normatividades institucionales dependiendo del nivel educativo, que en este caso es el nivel medio superior. Pero ¿qué pasa con aquello que no se imparte de manera explícita, es decir, con los aprendizajes adquiridos que no están establecidos por un programa? (shrink)

Texto presentado en el Congreso Internacional “Recepciones de Ortega y Gasset en Chile” celebrado en el Centro Cultural de España en Santiago durante los días 30 y 31 de mayo de 2018, en Santiago de Chile. Forma parte de la compilación recogida en número especial de la Revista de Filosofía Otrosiglo, en junio del 2023.

Os juros fazem parte da vida de todos - aparecem tanto nas discussões sobre o crescimento econômico da nação como em aspectos miúdos do dia-a-dia. O Princípio econômico é simples: o devedor antecipa um benefício para desfrute imediato e se compromete a pagar por isso mais tarde, e quem empresta cede algo de que dispõe agora e espera receber um montante superior no final da transação. EM O valor do amanhã, Eduardo Giannetti defende que este aspecto dos juros é (...) apenas parte de um fenômeno natural maior, tão comum quanto a força da gravidade e a fotossíntese. A questão dos juros "não se restringe ao mundo das finanças, [mas atinge] as mais diversas e surpreendentes esferas da vida prática, social e espiritual, a começar pelo processo de envelhecimento a que nossos corpos estão inescapavelmente sujeitos", diz Giannetti. DEsde o momento em que aprendeu a planejar sua vida, o homem antecipa e projeta seus desígnios usando esta prática. MEsmo antes disso, a noção de juros já "está inscrita no metabolismo dos seres vivos e permeia boa parte do seu repertório comportamental". A Prática de dieta, a dedicação aos estudos e os exercícios físicos para melhorar a saúde são situações da vida prática nas quais se manifesta a realidade dos juros. É desta maneira original que Giannetti analisa o tema. AO extrapolar os limites financeiros do fenômeno, o autor mostra que questões concretas - como a alta taxa de juros no Brasil - têm raízes comportamentais e institucionais ligadas à formação de nossa sociedade. O Autor ainda discute os problemas éticos da prática de juros extremamente elevados. APesar de não se propor a "oferecer receitas ou saídas", o trabalho de Giannetti "reflete as experiências, preocupações e esperanças de um cidadão brasileiro enfronhado nas realidades e aspirações do seu país". (shrink)

1. Eutifrón, Apología, Critón, "Trasiḿaco," Protágoras y Gorgias.

En los últimos años se está produciendo una importante recuperación del pensamiento de Georg Simmel. Dicha importancia no radica sólo en el valor de Simmel como clásico de la filosofía, sino también en la imperiosa actualidad de sus teorías e ideas filosóficas y sociológicas. A estos esfuerzos de actualización del pensamiento simmeliano quiero sumar un estudio de las principales ideas de su antropología filosófica. El hecho de que podamos tomar su antropología como una síntesis y modernización de la tesis marxistas (...) y nietzscheanas es una evidencia de la importancia que pueden tener las ideas de Simmel hoy día. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es el de presentar las principales ideas de la antropología filosófica de Georg Simmel para, a partir de ellas, confeccionar un cuadro general de la estructura anímica del individuo moderno. (shrink)

Estamos inseridos numa sociedade marcadamente comunicativa. O progresso, as novas tecnologias, o avanço da ciência, a cultura e os costumes, são os grandes fomentadores desse “admirável mundo novo”, que ainda estamos aprendendo a conviver. E nesse aprendizado, algumas lacunas na própria comunicação têm deixado apreensivos pensadores modernos e a sociedade. Isso porque uma tese cada vez mais é difundida sem encontrar resposta: numa época na qual as pessoas possuem diversos mecanismos de comunicação, por que as pessoas se comunicam menos?Este artigo, (...) portanto, pretende apontar elementos que confirmem, ou não, essa preocupação. E mais: quer indicar uma possível resposta pautada na ética como forma de humanizar as relações comunicacionais entre as pessoas. Para tanto, baseio-me em documentos eclesiásticos recentes, como o “Diretório de Comunicação da Igreja no Brasil” e a mensagem do Santo Padre para o “Dia Mundial das Comunicações Sociais”, apresentada no ano corrente, além de utilizar autores das áreas de comunicação e de ética. (shrink)

Desde los albores de la existencia humana, el sufrimiento, como constante antropológica, se ha constituido en una de las preocupaciones fundamentales de los hombres. Se le ha prestado atención constante, pero ello no ha de ser óbice para que no sigamos haciéndolo. La Filosofía puede contribuir a aportar luz a este concepto en nuestros días, en tanto en cuanto el problema del sufrimiento, a pesar de haber recibido respuestas muy distintas en las distintas épocas del pensar humano, parece persistir. Con (...) el presente artículo buscamos aproximarnos al concepto del sufrimiento desde la luz que aportan algunos de los paradigmas filosóficos relevantes, al objeto de identificar algunas aplicaciones prácticas que favorezcan una gestión de recursos humanos más adecuada, tanto desde un punto de vista ético, como desde el lado de la rentabilidad empresarial. Ofrecemos por tanto propuestas para una gestión de recursos humanos responsable, sostenible y eficiente, de la mano del pensamiento filosófico. (shrink)

Es indudable que Edith Stein representa, en nuestros días, una figura tan atractiva como compleja, debido a su multifacético itinerario existencial caracterizado por la presencia de distintos registros tanto a nivel personal como a nivel profesional. En el presente artículo nos interesa destacar los principales legados de Edith Stein al mundo, a 130 años de su nacimiento. De manera general, nos proponemos dar cuenta de los legados que consideramos fundamentales por la potencia de sus propuestas, por la pertinencia para nuestro (...) mundo actual y por la recepción que de ellos se haga. Los legados seleccionados son: 1) el legado filosófico; 2) el legado pedagógico; 3) el legado femenino y 4) el legado personal y espiritual. Esperamos que durante la exposición de los legados puedan emerger los motivos de nuestra elección, así como las razones de inclusión y exclusión de temas en determinado legado, o la ausencia de alguna otra herencia importante que se haya dejado pasar. (shrink)

El día 26 de octubre de 2006, en la ciudad de Salvador de Bahia, Brasil, la Sociedad Interamericana de Filosofía organizó un Homenaje Académico en memoria de Eduardo Rabossi. El Homenaje se llevó a cabo en el marco del XII Encuentro Nacional de Filosofía del Brasil, organizado por la Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação em Filosofi a (ANPOF), con ocasión del cual tuvo lugar igualmente una Asamblea Extraordinaria de la Sociedad. Los textos que incluimos a continuación fueron leídos en dicho (...) Homenaje. (shrink)

No vigor intelectual dos seus 75 anos desapareceu do nosso convívio em Junho de 2003 Eduardo Abranches de Soveral A sua dimensão humana como especulativa permite situá-lo naquele patamar de homens a que podemos chamar Mestres Distinto pelo saber, pela compreensão e carácter, e com a profunda marca que deixou na Faculdade de Letras do Porto, sobretudo no curso de Filosofia, o Grupo de Investigação Raízes e Horizontes da Filosofia e da Cultura em Portugal, do Gabinete de Filosofia Moderna (...) e Contemporânea do Instituto de Filosofia da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto (deste Instituto tendo sido seu primeiro Presidente), não podia deixar de lhe prestar a justa homenagem, ao mesmo tempo contribuindo para a divulgação da sua vasta obra Eduardo Abranches de Soveral, Pensador, Filósofo e Humanista foi a designação que escolhemos para este colóquio que durante dois dias reuniu no Anfiteatro Nobre da FLUP cerca de trinta conferencistas para proceder a um estudo sistemático da obra do professor e do filósofo português, integrando-o no contexto do pensamento filosófico português e do pensamento europeu seu contemporâneo, integrando ainda textos de outros especialistas no pensamento de Eduardo Abranches de Soveral, que, não tendo participado no Colóquio, nem por isso deixaram de dar o seu contributo para este volume Grupo de Investigação Raízes e Horizontes da Filosofia e da Cultura em Portugal Instituto de Filosofia da Universidade do Porto. (shrink)

_The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere_, co-edited by Eduardo Mendieta and Jonathan VanAntwerpen, represents a rare opportunity to experience a diverse group of preeminent philosophers confronting one pervasive contemporary concern: what role does, or should, religion play in our public lives? Reflecting on her recent work concerning state violence in Israel-Palestine, Judith Butler explores the potential of religious perspectives for renewing cultural and political criticism, while Jürgen Habermas, best known for his seminal conception of the public sphere, (...) thinks through the ambiguous legacy of the concept of "the political" in contemporary theory. Charles Taylor argues for a radical redefinition of secularism, and Cornel West defends civil disobedience and emancipatory theology. Eduardo Mendieta and Jonathan VanAntwerpen detail the immense contribution of these philosophers to contemporary social and political theory, and an afterword by Craig Calhoun places these attempts to reconceive the significance of both religion and the secular in the context of contemporary national and international politics. (shrink)

In this paper we discuss the extent to which the very existence of substructural logics puts the Tarskian conception of logical systems in jeopardy. In order to do this, we highlight the importance of the presence of different levels of entailment in a given logic, looking not only at inferences between collections of formulae but also at inferences between collections of inferences—and more. We discuss appropriate refinements or modifications of the usual Tarskian identity criterion for logical systems, and propose an (...) alternative of our own. After that, we consider a number of objections to our account and evaluate a substantially different approach to the same problem. (shrink)

Eduardo Arroyo, Armelle Auris, François Boissonnet, Paul HENRY, Pierre-Jean LABARRIERE, MATIEU, Gilles AILLAUD, Gérad THALMANN, Nicole MATHIEU, Jacques VIMARD, Michel QUAREZ, Leonardo CREMONINI, L'atelier d'Eduardo Arryo: Le carré blanc du ring, Rue Descartes, No. 7, Logiques de l'éthique (Juin 1993), pp. 149-168.

When discussing Logical Pluralism several critics argue that such an open-minded position is untenable. The key to this conclusion is that, given a number of widely accepted assumptions, the pluralist view collapses into Logical Monism. In this paper we show that the arguments usually employed to arrive at this conclusion do not work. The main reason for this is the existence of certain substructural logics which have the same set of valid inferences as Classical Logic—although they are, in a clear (...) sense, non-identical to it. We argue that this phenomenon can be generalized, given the existence of logics which coincide with Classical Logic regarding a number of metainferential levels—although they are, again, clearly different systems. We claim this highlights the need to arrive at a more refined version of the Collapse Argument, which we discuss at the end of the paper. (shrink)

Many authors have considered that the notions of paraconsistency and dialetheism are intrinsically connected, in many cases, to the extent of confusing both phenomena. However, paraconsistency is a formal feature of some logics that consists in invalidating the rule of explosion, whereas dialetheism is a semantical/ontological position consisting in accepting true contradictions. In this paper, we argue against this connection and show that it is perfectly possible to adopt a paraconsistent logic and reject dialetheism, and, moreover, that there are examples (...) of non-paraconsistent logics that can be interpreted in a dialetheic way. (shrink)

Anti-exceptionalism about logic states that logical theories have no special epistemological status. Such theories are continuous with scientific theories. Contemporary anti-exceptionalists include the semantic paradoxes as a part of the elements to accept a logical theory. Exploring the Buenos Aires Plan, the recent development of the metainferential hierarchy of ST\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {ST}}$$\end{document}-logics shows that there are multiple options to deal with such paradoxes. There is a whole ST\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} (...) \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {ST}}$$\end{document}-based hierarchy, of which LP\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {LP}}$$\end{document} and ST\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {ST}}$$\end{document} themselves are only the first steps. This means that the logics in this hierarchy are also options to analyze the inferential patterns allowed in a language that contains its own truth predicate. This paper explores these responses analyzing some reasons to go beyond the first steps. We show that LP\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {LP}}$$\end{document}, ST\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {ST}}$$\end{document} and the logics of the ST\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {ST}}$$\end{document}-hierarchy offer different diagnoses for the same evidence: the inferences and metainferences the agents endorse in the presence of the truth-predicate. But even if the data are not enough to adopt one of these logics, there are other elements to evaluate the revision of classical logic. Which is the best explanation for the logical principles to deal with semantic paradoxes? How close should we be to classical logic? And mainly, how could a logic obey the validities it contains? From an anti-exceptionalist perspective, we argue that ST\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {ST}}$$\end{document}-metainferential logics in general—and STTω\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathbf {STT}}_{\omega }$$\end{document} in particular—are the best available options to explain the inferential principles involved with the notion of truth. (shrink)

In this note we shall argue that Milne’s new effort does not refute Truthmaker Maximalism. According to Truthmaker Maximalism, every truth has a truthmaker. Milne has attempted to refute it using the following self-referential sentence M: This sentence has no truthmaker. Essential to his refutation is that M is like the Gödel sentence and unlike the Liar, and one way in which Milne supports this assimilation is through the claim that his proof is essentially object-level and not semantic. In Section (...) 2, we shall argue that Milne is still begging the question against Truthmaker Maximalism. In Section 3, we shall argue that even assimilating M to the Liar does not force the truthmaker maximalist to maintain the ‘dull option’ that M does not express a proposition. There are other options open and, though they imply revising the logic in Milne’s reasoning, this is not one of the possible revisions he considers. In Section 4, we shall suggest that Milne’s proof requires an implicit appeal to semantic principles and notions. In Section 5, we shall point out that there are two important dissimilarities between M and the Gödel sentence. Section 6 is a brief summary and conclusion. (shrink)

Resumen: La tolerancia es un privilegio de los poderosos. Una persona puede tolerar sólo si tiene el poder para interferir con aquello que objeta. En este artículo analizaré las circunstancias en las que alguien tiene el poder para tolerar. Argumentaré que la respuesta debe incorporar consideraciones tanto prácticas como metafísicas. Específicamente, defenderé que alguien tiene el poder para tolerar cuando sus propiedades fundan tal poder en la situación práctica en que ella se encuentra, según es caracterizada por sus intereses prácticos. (...) Al hacerlo criticaré el análisis del mencionado poder realizado por Glen Newey. (shrink)

In this article, we will present a number of technical results concerning Classical Logic, ST and related systems. Our main contribution consists in offering a novel identity criterion for logics in general and, therefore, for Classical Logic. In particular, we will firstly generalize the ST phenomenon, thereby obtaining a recursively defined hierarchy of strict-tolerant systems. Secondly, we will prove that the logics in this hierarchy are progressively more classical, although not entirely classical. We will claim that a logic is to (...) be identified with an infinite sequence of consequence relations holding between increasingly complex relata: formulae, inferences, metainferences, and so on. As a result, the present proposal allows not only to differentiate Classical Logic from ST, but also from other systems sharing with it their valid metainferences. Finally, we show how these results have interesting consequences for some topics in the philosophical logic literature, among them for the debate around Logical Pluralism. The reason being that the discussion concerning this topic is usually carried out employing a rivalry criterion for logics that will need to be modified in light of the present investigation, according to which two logics can be non-identical even if they share the same valid inferences. (shrink)

Who Comes After the Subject offers the most comprehensive overview to date of contemporary French thinking on the question of the "subject." Nineteen philosophers and critics offer diverse perspectives on the subject as it has manifested itself in our modern discourses: the subject of philosophy, of the State, of history, of psychoanalysis. Each contribution asks What has become of the subject? or What has the subject become? in the wake of its critiques and deconstructions .

Transhumanism proposes human enhancement while regarding the human body as unfit for the future. This fulfills age-old aspirations for a perfect and durable body. We use “alienation” as a concept to analyze this mismatch between human aspirations and our current condition. For Hannah Arendt alienation may be accounted for in terms of earth- and world-alienation, as well as alienation from human nature, and especially from the given (“resentment of the given”). In transhumanism, the biological body is an impediment to human (...) accomplishment. At most, this movement accepts “clean” bodies, not bodies with excretions. We argue that real human bodies are valued in the event of giving birth, so a modified concept that Arendt proposed, natality, seems a suitable way to explore the dialectic alienation-reconciliation involving the body (Arendt’s “A child has been born unto us”), when re-read by some feminist scholars. (shrink)

Adding a transparent truth predicate to a language completely governed by classical logic is not possible. The trouble, as is well-known, comes from paradoxes such as the Liar and Curry. Recently, Cobreros, Egré, Ripley and van Rooij have put forward an approach based on a non-transitive notion of consequence which is suitable to deal with semantic paradoxes while having a transparent truth predicate together with classical logic. Nevertheless, there are some interesting issues concerning the set of metainferences validated by this (...) logic. In this paper, we show that this logic, once it is adequately understood, is weaker than classical logic. Moreover, the logic is in a way similar to the paraconsistent logic LP. (shrink)

In some recent articles, Cobreros, Egré, Ripley, & van Rooij have defended the idea that abandoning transitivity may lead to a solution to the trouble caused by semantic paradoxes. For that purpose, they develop the Strict-Tolerant approach, which leads them to entertain a nontransitive theory of truth, where the structural rule of Cut is not generally valid. However, that Cut fails in general in the target theory of truth does not mean that there are not certain safe instances of Cut (...) involving semantic notions. In this article we intend to meet the challenge of answering how to regain all the safe instances of Cut, in the language of the theory, making essential use of a unary recovery operator. To fulfill this goal, we will work within the so-called Goodship Project, which suggests that in order to have nontrivial naïve theories it is sufficient to formulate the corresponding self-referential sentences with suitable biconditionals. Nevertheless, a secondary aim of this article is to propose a novel way to carry this project out, showing that the biconditionals in question can be totally classical. In the context of this article, these biconditionals will be essentially used in expressing the self-referential sentences and, thus, as a collateral result of our work we will prove that none of the recoveries expected of the target theory can be nontrivially achieved if self-reference is expressed through identities. (shrink)

It is widely accepted that a theory of truth for arithmetic should be consistent, but -consistency is a highly desirable feature for such theories. The point has already been made for first-order languages, though the evidence is not entirely conclusive. We show that in the second-order case the consequence of adopting -inconsistent theories of truth are considered: the revision theory of nearly stable truth T # and the classical theory of symmetric truth FS. Briefly, we present some conceptual problems with (...) ω-inconsistent theories, and demonstrate some technical results that support our criticisms of such theories. (shrink)

Based on a symposium by the International Gesellschaft f'ur dialektische Philosophie, Societas Hegeliana with the theme "Abstrakt/Konkret," Sept. 21-12, 1998 in Braga, Portugal.